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		<title>Roland TR-808, La Drum Machine più iconica del mondo</title>
		<link>https://www.dirtydagoes.com/visionary-gears-roland-tr-808/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[The Dagoes]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Oct 2021 09:30:26 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>IT 🇮🇹 Come fa un attrezzatura da studio (giudicata inizialmente un flop) a sopravvivere per quattro decadi rimanendo popolare ? Fa la sua comparsa nel 1980 su impulso di Ikutaro Kakehashi e del suo team di ingegneri ( “Taro” e’ il fondatore di Roland e Boss). Secondo le informazioni rilasciate dalla stessa Roland lo strumento&#8230;</p>
<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.dirtydagoes.com/visionary-gears-roland-tr-808/">Roland TR-808, La Drum Machine più iconica del mondo</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.dirtydagoes.com">Dirty Dagoes</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>IT 🇮🇹<br />
Come fa un attrezzatura da studio (giudicata inizialmente un flop) a sopravvivere per quattro decadi rimanendo popolare ?<br />
Fa la sua comparsa nel <strong>1980</strong> su impulso di <strong>Ikutaro Kakehashi</strong> e del suo team di ingegneri ( “Taro” e’ il fondatore di Roland e Boss).</p>
<p>Secondo le informazioni rilasciate dalla stessa Roland lo strumento fa la sua prima comparsa su un palco con gli <strong>YMO</strong>, gruppo giapponese, che la usa in via sperimentale per performare il brano &#8220;<strong>1000 Knives</strong>&#8220;.</p>
<p>Se pensiamo a quanto è prominente l&#8217;utilizzo della 808 <strong>oggi</strong>, a quanto è stata influente nel plasmare e scolpire i suoni della <strong>house</strong>, della <strong>techno</strong> e della <strong>trap</strong>, è ridicolo pensare che i suoi inventori la considerassero prevalentemente solo <strong>un tool per registrazione di provini </strong>e <strong>ghost tracks</strong>.</p>
<p>La sua principale destinazione di utilizzo era infatti quella di essere impiegata in<strong> pre-produzioni</strong>, laddove i musicisti in fase di composizione necessitavano di una <strong>linea ritmica</strong>, che avrebbero poi sostituito con dei veri <strong>drum recording</strong> o con delle batterie elettroniche con suoni molto più &#8220;realistici”, come quelli della costosa<strong> Linn LM-1</strong>, già ampiamente consacrata su produzioni di<strong> Frank Zappa</strong>, <strong>Prince</strong>, <strong>Michael Jackson</strong> e <strong>Peter Gabriel</strong>.</p>
<p>La 808 nasce quindi come concetto di <strong>drum machine professionale</strong> ma <strong>low-cost</strong>, invece di destinare budget sulle <strong>memorie virtuali</strong> che potessero riprodurre dei <strong>samples</strong>, i fabbricanti optarono per un <strong>motore di sintesi analogico</strong>, sfruttando lo schema di un modello predecessore della 808, la <strong>CR-78</strong>.</p>
<p>La 808 quindi non riproduceva campionamenti di <strong>drum kits</strong> ma generava in <strong>tempo reale</strong> i suoi suoni.</p>
<blockquote>
<h3><strong>“Fresh like, uh, Impala, uh, chrome hydraulics, 808 drums”</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>— The Game, “How We Do”</strong></h3>
</blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Cosa ha reso <strong>immortale</strong> questo tool ? Noi abbiamo la nostra personale opinione; oltre il <strong>design iconico</strong> coi tasti colorati e gli iconici suoni di <strong>hi-hats</strong>, lo <strong>snare</strong>, il <strong>clap</strong> e la <strong>cowbell</strong> (sulla quale addirittura e&#8217; stato fondato un genere musicale a Memphis), e&#8217; sicuramente la <strong>gran cassa</strong> l&#8217;elemento più immortale di una 808.</p>
<p>Il <strong>kick</strong> di una <strong>808 analogica</strong> e&#8217; costruito con un <strong>oscillatore sinusoidale</strong>, un <strong>filtro passa-basso</strong> e un <strong>amplificatore controllato in tensione</strong> (VCA), il controllo del <strong>decay</strong> consente di allungare a dismisura il suono creando oscillazioni basse con <strong>sub armonici</strong> devastanti, i più maligni dicono che fosse un <strong>difetto di fabbrica</strong> successivamente spacciato come <strong>feature &#8220;innovativa”</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Cosa c’è di vero dietro questa fake news?</strong> Nel documentario del 2015 di <strong>Alexander Dunn</strong> “808”, Mr. Kakehashi in effetti ammette che tra la componentistica originaria della prima  808 era presente una classe di <strong>transistor difettosi</strong>, facenti parte della tipologia <strong>2SC828-R</strong>, prodotti da <strong>Toshiba</strong> e <strong>Panasonic</strong>.</p>
<p>Taro afferma che l’utilizzo di quelle tecnologie difettose fu una <strong>scelta consapevole</strong> e che proprio tale anomalia contribuì pesantemente alla creazione dell’iconico suono della <strong>TR-808 Roland</strong>. Con il miglioramento della produzione di <strong>semiconduttori</strong> però fu sempre più difficile reperire quei transistor difettosi. Durante i 70s infatti su una produzione di 10.000 transistor, solo il<strong> 2-3%</strong> era difettoso, nella prima metà degli anni 80 quella percentuale scese vertiginosamente, rendendo impossibile in quel momento proseguire con la fabbricazione.<br />
Dopo uno stock di <strong>12.000 unità</strong>, nel <strong>1983</strong> la produzione della TR-808 <strong>venne interrotta</strong>.</p>
<blockquote>
<h3><strong>“Boom like an 808 (do you know what you mean to me?)”</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>— Missy Elliott, “Boomin”</strong></h3>
</blockquote>
<p>La decisione dell’azienda coincise con l’impossibilità di reperire in numero considerevole quel tipo di transistor difettosi e sopratutto con il lancio del modello successivo di drum machine Roland, la <strong>TR-909</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>La riflessione sul transistor difettoso nasce spontanea</strong>; per quanto Roland affermi di aver fatto quella scelta in maniera consapevole, e’ molto facile immaginarsi una situazione in cui <strong>tale scoperta sia in realtà stata fatta per errore</strong>, almeno nella fase<strong> sperimentale</strong> e di <strong>laboratorio</strong>.</p>
<p>Chi frequenta il mondo della <strong>musica elettronica</strong> presto o tardi ha ascoltato gli aneddoti di come anche i principali <strong>effetti di modulazione</strong> come <strong>phaser</strong> e <strong>chorus</strong>, o anche i <strong>delay</strong>, siano <strong>frutto di errori</strong> degli assistenti in studio che sbagliavano a montare i nastri facendo saltare dalla sedia gli ingegneri senior e dando vita ad incredibili intuizioni nel campo del &#8220;<strong>audio signal processing</strong>&#8220;.</p>
<p>Questo tema dell&#8217;<strong>estetica dell&#8217;errore</strong> ci accompagnerà spesso in questo viaggio alla scoperta dei <strong>visionari dell&#8217;arte</strong>.</p>
<p>Nonostante Roland avesse interrotto la produzione di TR-808 nel 1983, parallelamente e progressivamente <strong>la drum machine con il transistor difettoso</strong> divenne un vero e proprio sound di <strong>culto nell&#8217;underground musicale</strong>, fino ad emergere con prepotenza nel <strong>mainstream</strong>; tale processo non si e’ mai fermato fino ai giorni nostri, <strong>40 anni dopo il suo primo lancio sul mercato</strong>.</p>
<p>La comunità dei musicisti procedette in senso totalmente opposto rispetto alle aspettative dell’azienda fabbricante, ennesimo esempio di come le l<strong>ogiche del mercato</strong> non possano quasi mai essere aderenti alle <strong>esigenze degli artisti</strong>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span class="copycode"><figure class="wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"><div class="epyt-video-wrapper"><iframe  id="_ytid_88535"  width="1200" height="675"  data-origwidth="1200" data-origheight="675" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/w85Of8Lk3dI?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&" class="__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload" title="YouTube player"  allow="fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy="1" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=""></iframe></div></div></figure></span></p>
<p><em>Il primo live in cui è stata usata una Roland TR-808, 1980</em></p>
<p><span class="copycode"><figure class="wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"><div class="epyt-video-wrapper"><iframe  id="_ytid_51300"  width="1200" height="675"  data-origwidth="1200" data-origheight="675" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9J3lwZjHenA?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&" class="__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload" title="YouTube player"  allow="fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy="1" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=""></iframe></div></div></figure></span></p>
<p><em>La traccia che ha segnato il connubio indissolubile tra Hip-Hop e TR-808. 1981</em></p>
<p><span class="copycode"><figure class="wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"><div class="epyt-video-wrapper"><iframe  id="_ytid_42382"  width="1200" height="900"  data-origwidth="1200" data-origheight="900" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rjlSiASsUIs?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&" class="__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload" title="YouTube player"  allow="fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy="1" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=""></iframe></div></div></figure></span></p>
<p><em>Il primo singolo Pop basato su una Roland TR-808, 1982</em></p>
<p><span class="copycode"><figure class="wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"><div class="epyt-video-wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy"  id="_ytid_24380"  width="1200" height="675"  data-origwidth="1200" data-origheight="675" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9IyVFlRRIRg?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&" class="__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload" title="YouTube player"  allow="fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy="1" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=""></iframe></div></div></figure></span></p>
<p><em>La 808 sbarca in UK, Yazoo &#8211; Don&#8217;t Go, 1982</em></p>
<p><span class="copycode"><figure class="wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"><div class="epyt-video-wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy"  id="_ytid_13789"  width="1200" height="900"  data-origwidth="1200" data-origheight="900" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MN3x-kAbgFU?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&" class="__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload" title="YouTube player"  allow="fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy="1" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=""></iframe></div></div></figure></span></p>
<p><em>In the Air Tonight RMX di Phil Collins, icona del pop-rock, 1981</em></p>
<p><span class="copycode"><figure class="wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"><div class="epyt-video-wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy"  id="_ytid_62596"  width="1200" height="900"  data-origwidth="1200" data-origheight="900" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2tOutF8B3f8?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&" class="__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload" title="YouTube player"  allow="fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy="1" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=""></iframe></div></div></figure></span></p>
<p><em>La TR-808 sfruttata dal genio di Aphex Twin, 1993</em></p>
<p><span class="copycode"><figure class="wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"><div class="epyt-video-wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy"  id="_ytid_12534"  width="1200" height="675"  data-origwidth="1200" data-origheight="675" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Wg1-A-sb6L4?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&" class="__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload" title="YouTube player"  allow="fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy="1" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=""></iframe></div></div></figure></span></p>
<p><em>Sottoculture musicali basate sulla 808, 2020</em></p>
<p><span class="copycode"><figure class="wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"><div class="epyt-video-wrapper"><iframe loading="lazy"  id="_ytid_24931"  width="1200" height="675"  data-origwidth="1200" data-origheight="675" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/RVPEzbhSjFw?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&" class="__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload" title="YouTube player"  allow="fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy="1" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=""></iframe></div></div></figure></span></p>
<p><em>Traccia contenuta nel nuovo disco di Kanye West, interamente basata su una 808, 2021</em></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>ENG 🇬🇧</p>
<h1>
Roland TR-808, The most iconic drum machine in the world</h1>
<p>How does studio gear (initially deemed a flop) survive for four decades and remain popular?</p>
<p>It was born in<strong> 1980</strong> from the Japanese genius of<strong> Ikutaro Kakehashi</strong> known as &#8220;Taro&#8221;, the founding engineer of Roland and Boss, two leading companies in the audio world.</p>
<p>According to information released by Roland, the instrument makes its first appearance on stage with <strong>YMO</strong>, a Japanese group, who use it experimentally to perform the song &#8220;<strong>1000 Knives</strong>&#8221; during their tour.</p>
<p>If we think about how prominent the use of the 808 is today, how influential it was in shaping and sculpting the sounds of<strong> house</strong>, <strong>techno</strong> and <strong>trap</strong>, it is ridiculous to think that its inventors mainly considered it just <strong>a tool for recording of auditions and ghost tracks</strong>.</p>
<p>Its main intended use was in fact to be used in <strong>pre-productions</strong>, where the musicians in the composition phase needed a rhythmic line, which they would then replace with real <strong>drums recording</strong> or with electronic drums with much more &#8220;realistic sounds&#8221; like the expensive <strong>Linn LM-1</strong>, already extensively consecrated on productions by <strong>Frank Zappa</strong>, <strong>Prince</strong>, <strong>Michael Jackson</strong> and <strong>Peter Gabriel</strong>, to name a few.</p>
<p>The 808 was therefore <strong>born as a concept of professional but low-cost drum machine</strong>, instead of allocating budget on virtual memories that could reproduce samples, the manufacturers opted for an analog synthesis engine, exploiting the scheme of a predecessor model of the 808, the <strong>CR -78.</strong></p>
<p>The 808 therefore did not reproduce samples of drum kits but generated sounds in<strong> real time</strong>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote>
<h3><strong>“Fresh like, uh, Impala, uh, chrome hydraulics, 808 drums”</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>— The Game, “How We Do”</strong></h3>
</blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>What made this tool <strong>immortal</strong>? We have our own opinion.</p>
<p>Besides the <strong>iconic design</strong> with colored frets and the iconic <strong>hi-hats</strong>, <strong>the snare</strong>, the <strong>clap</strong> and the <strong>cowbell</strong> (on which a musical genre was even founded in Memphis), the <strong>bass drum</strong> is certainly the most immortal element of a 808.</p>
<p>The <strong>kick</strong> of an<strong> analog 808 </strong>is built with a <strong>sine oscillato</strong>r, a l<strong>ow pass filter</strong> and a <strong>voltage controlled amplifier</strong> (VCA), the <strong>decay</strong> control allows you to <strong>stretch the sound</strong> out of proportion by creating l<strong>ow oscillations</strong> with devastating <strong>sub harmonics</strong>, the most malicious say it was a <strong>production defect</strong> subsequently passed off as an <strong>&#8220;innovative&#8221; feature</strong>.</p>
<p>What&#8217;s true behind this <strong>fake news</strong>? In <strong>Alexander Dunn</strong>&#8216;s 2015 documentary “808”, Mr. Kakehashi admits that among the original components of the first 808 there was a class of <strong>defective transistors</strong>, belonging to the type <strong>2SC828-R</strong>, manufactured by <strong>Toshiba</strong> and <strong>Panasonic</strong>.</p>
<p>Taro states that the use of those faulty technologies was a conscious choice and that precisely this contributed heavily to the creation of the iconic Roland TR-808 sound.</p>
<p>As semiconductor manufacturing improved it<strong> became difficult to find those defective transistors</strong>.</p>
<p>During the 70s on a production of 10,000 transistors, only <strong>2-3%</strong> were defective, in the first half of the 80s that percentage dropped dramatically, <strong>making impossible at that moment to continue with the production</strong> of the 808.</p>
<p>After a production of <strong>12,000 units</strong>, in <strong>1983</strong> the production of the TR-808 was <strong>stopped</strong>.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote>
<h3><strong>“Boom like an 808 (do you know what you mean to me?)”</strong></h3>
<h3><strong>— Missy Elliott, “Boomin”</strong></h3>
</blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The company&#8217;s decision coincides with the impossibility of finding that type of defective transistors in considerable numbers and above all with the drop of the next model of Roland drum machine, the <strong>TR-909</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>The investigation on the defective transistor arises spontaneously</strong>; although Roland claims to have made that choice consciously, <strong>it is very easy to pitch a situation in which this discovery was actually made by mistake</strong>, at least in the experimental and laboratory phase.</p>
<p>Those who frequent the world of <strong>electronic music</strong> sooner or later have heard the anecdotes of how<strong> even the main modulation effects such as phaser</strong> and <strong>chorus</strong>, or even the <strong>delays</strong>, are the result of some <strong>studio issues</strong>, when assistants were wrong in editing the tapes, making senior engineers jump out of their chairs and giving birth to incredible insights into <strong>audio signal processing</strong>.</p>
<p>This theme of the <strong>aesthetics of error</strong> will often accompany us on this journey to discover the <strong>visionaries of art</strong>.</p>
<p><strong>Roland stopped the production of TR-808 in 1983</strong>, in parallel and despite continuously <strong>the drum machine with the defective transistor</strong> it became a real <strong>cult sound in the musical underground</strong>, up to emerge with arrogance in the <strong>mainstream</strong>; this process has never stopped until today, <strong>40 years after</strong> its first launch on the market.</p>
<p><strong>The community of musicians</strong> proceeded to deviate from the expectations of the manufacturing company, yet another example of how the l<strong>ogic of the market</strong> cannot be consistent with the <strong>needs of artists</strong>.</p>
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<p>L'articolo <a href="https://www.dirtydagoes.com/visionary-gears-roland-tr-808/">Roland TR-808, La Drum Machine più iconica del mondo</a> proviene da <a href="https://www.dirtydagoes.com">Dirty Dagoes</a>.</p>
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